The Journal is committed to strictly adhering to ethical standards in scholarly publishing. All submitted manuscripts are screened for plagiarism; any cases of copying, improper citation, or use of others’ work without proper attribution will be rejected. The Journal does not accept manuscripts that show signs of academic misconduct, including but not limited to fabricated data, manipulated data, or misleading citations intended to distort research findings.

In cases where violations are identified after publication, the Journal will conduct an investigation and may take appropriate actions such as issuing corrections, expressions of concern, or retraction. Retraction decisions are made when there is clear evidence of ethical violations, serious errors, or fraudulent conduct.

Authors, reviewers, and members of the Editorial Board are required to disclose and transparently manage any conflicts of interest that may influence the evaluation and publication process. Any such conflicts must be fully declared and will be considered throughout the manuscript handling process.

Regarding copyright, authors are responsible for ensuring that their submissions are original, have not been published elsewhere, and do not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of any third party. The Journal does not accept any manuscripts that violate copyright in any form. Once a manuscript is accepted for publication, the use, distribution, and reproduction of the content must comply with the Journal’s copyright policies and the agreement with the authors.